| acies, aciei, f. | battle line |
| castra, castrorum, n. (pl.) | camp |
| castra ponere | to pitch camp |
| epistula, epistulae, f. | letter |
| exercitus, exercitus, m. | army |
| ferrum, ferri, n. | iron; sword |
| iudicium, iudicii, n. | court; trial; judgment |
| multitudo, multitudinis, f. | multitude, great number, crowd |
| proelium, proelii, n. | battle |
| amitto, amittere, amisi | to lose |
| cerno, cernere, crevi, cretus | to see, perceive, decide |
| constituo, constituere, constitui, constitutus | to decide, appoint, etc. |
| curro, currere, cucurri, cursurus | to run |
| concurro, concurrere | to charge, rush together, clash |
| incendo, incendere, incendi, incensus | to set fire to, burn; inflame |
| instituo, instituere, institui, institutus | to establish, institute, build; educate |
| specto, spectare, spectavi, spectatus | to watch, look at |
| traho, trahere, traxi, tractus | to draw, drag |
| videor, vidēri, visus sum | to seem; be seen |
| alter, altera, alterum (gen. -ius) | the one, the other (of two); next, second |
| ferus, fera, ferum | wild, fierce; cruel; uncivilized |
| feri, ferorum, m. (pl.) | wild animals |
| a/ab (+ animate noun, in a passive sentence) | by |
| contra (+ acc.) | opposite; against; (adv.) in reply; face to face |